- Rabboni, Giuseppe (1800-1856)
- Rachmaninow, Sergei Wassiljewitsch (1873-1943)
- Racine, Philippe (*1958)
- Rae, James (*1957)
- Raff, Joachim (1822-1882)
- Rameau, Jean-Philippe (1683-1764)
- Rampal, Jean-Pierre (1922-2000)
- Ran, Shulamit (*1949)
- Raphael, Günter (1903-1960)
- Rauscher, Donald
- Ravel, Maurice (1875-1937)
- Reade, Paul (1943-1997)
- Reale, Roberto (*1974)
- Reger, Max (1873-1916)
- Reicha, Antonín (1770-1836)
- Reiche, Johannes (*1955)
- Reichert, Mathieu André (1830-1880)
- Reinecke, Carl (1824-1910)
- Reissiger, Carl Gottlieb (1798-1859)
- Respighi, Ottorino (1879-1936)
- Reznicek, Emil Nikolaus von (1860-1945)
- Rheinberger, Josef (1839-1901)
- Ricci, Giovanni
- Richter, Franz Xaver (1709-1789)
- Richter, Werner (1924-2010)
- Ridout, Alan (1934-1996)
| - Riegger, Wallingford (1885-1961)
- Ries, Ferdinand (1784-1838)
- Rietz, Julius (1812-1877)
- Riisager, Knudage (1897-1974)
- Riley, Terry (*1935)
- Rimskij-Korsakow, Nikolai (1844-1908)
- Rivier, Jean (1896-1987)
- Robbins, Jonathan
- Rodrigo, Joaquín (1901-1999)
- Roe, David W.
- Roentgen, Julius (1855-1932)
- Rolla, Alessandro (1757-1841)
- Romberg, Andreas (1767-1821)
- Rorem, Ned (*1923)
- Rosauro, Ney (*1952)
- Rosetti, Franz Anton (1750-1792)
- Rosiak, Michal
- Rossignol, Bruno (*1958)
- Rossini, Gioacchino (1792-1868)
- Rössler (Rosetti), Franz Anton (1750-1792)
- Rota, Nino (1911-1979)
- Rottler, Werner
- Rouse, Christopher (*1949)
- Roussel, Albert (1869-1937)
- Rubinstein, Anton (1829-1894)
- Rutter, John (*1945)
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